The terminal

`ls`	Listing all contents of a directory.
`ls -a`	Showing also the hidden files.
`ls -l`	Showing everything as a list.
`ls -la`	A combination of `ls -a` and `ls -l`.
`pwd`	Displaying the directory in which you are now.
`cd <dir_name>`	Navigating to the directory (`cd /` will show all the options).
`clear`	Clearing the terminal.
`nano <file_name>`	Opening the file in nano editor (also creating the file if it doesn’t exist).
`touch <file_name>`	Creating a new file.
`mkdir <dir_name>`	Creating a new directory.
`mv <file_path> <new_file_path>`	Moving a file and/or renaming it.
`cp <file_path> <new_file_path>`	Copying a file to a new file.
`rm <file_name>`	Removing a file.
`rm -rf <dir_name>`	Removing a directory and everything inside, recursively.
`cat <file_name>`	Displaying the content of a file.
`sudo apt update`	Updating sources to the latest.
`sudo apt install <package_name>`	Installing a package.
`sudo apt remove <package_name>`	Removing a package.
`sudo apt upgrade`	Upgrading already installed packages to the latest version.
`pip3 install <module_name>`	Installing a Python module.
`pip3 uninstall <module_name>`	Uninstalling a Python module.
`pip3 list`	Displaying all installed Python modules.
`pip3 list \| grep GPIO`	Searching (like `CTRL + F`) for the "GPIO" phrase in the list of Python modules.
`python3`	Opening the Python Shell (use `exit()` to exit it).
`sudo shutdown now`	Shutting down the Raspberry Pi.
`sudo reboot`	Rebooting the Raspberry Pi.
`hostname -I`	Displaying the IP address of the Raspberry Pi.
`df -h`	Displaying the currently used and available space on the SD card.
`python3 <file_name.py>`	Executing a Python3 script in the terminal.
`man <command_name>`	Displaying a manual for a given command.
`which python3`	Showing a complete path to a given command (`python3`).

sudo means using a command as an admin. To open an installed program, we type its name. To copy and paste, we use CTRL + SHIFT + C and CTRL + SHIFT + V. CTRL + X exits a Nano file, and CTRL + S saves it. You can use TAB for auto-completion in the Terminal. To go back to previously executed commands, use the up arrow key on your keyboard. You do not need to add a .txt extension to create a text file, you can leave it blank (Raspberry Pi OS is a Unix operating system). Press CTRL + C to stop a running command. If you want to create a Python file using the touch command, write its extension at the end. Files and folders with a dot at the beginning are hidden.