The as keyword

The as keyword allows for easier handling of imported modules by giving aliases, e.g., import random as rand. In this example, rand is an alias for random, and we can reference all methods from the random module using this word. as is also necessary when using the with keyword.

The with keyword

Thanks to the with keyword, we can easily operate on files. Except for the simplified syntax, we don't have to use the close() method (it works automatically).

with open("file.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("text")
                                    

This keyword is also useful in unit testing, which I will explain in a dedicated lesson.

F strings

F strings make it easier to combine strings and variables (remember that data structures like lists are also variables). We use them by putting the letter "f" before a string. Then, we can enter the names of the variables in curly brackets inside the string, and their values will be automatically incorporated.

list1 = ["a", "b", "c"]
print(f"{list1[0]}, {list1[1]}, {list1[2]}")
                                    

When using F strings, we can easily round a float number to a selected number of decimal places.

number = 5.42284712349824149000741293
print(f"{number:.2f}")